Rhetorical+Notebook

Remember that you must choose three terms from THREE DIFFERENT SECTIONS (strategy, organization, style, analysis of reading) STRATEGY Gross exaggeration, an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally, as “to wait an eternity.”
 * __Hyperbole-__** Group 1

To His Coy Mistress

by

Andrew Marvell An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes and on thy forehead gaze; Two hundred to adore each breast; But thirty thousand to the rest...

Marvell uses Hyperbole to underscore the perfection and laudability of “His coy Mistress”. While he could simply say, She was beautiful; the connotation that a century of praise would be necessary to do justice to her eyes gives the reader a somewhat more intense image of the beauty to which he refers.

Understatement

Litotes
 * __Antithesis__**
 * __Hypophora__**
 * __Rhetorical Question-__ group 4**

 Definition: A rhetorical question is one asked solely to produce an effect or to make a statement, but not expected to receive an answer. ex: “Hath not a Jew eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? . . . If you prick us, do we not bleed? if you tickle us, do we not laugh? if you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?” Act III, scene i : lines 55 – 63 Shakespeare ’s // The Merchant of Venice // // Explanation: // Shakespeare uses these rhetorical questions to make a deeper impression upon the reader. He uses multiple rhetorical questions to emphasize cause and effect and to strength his final point.

Procatalepsis Simile - Group 2
 * __Distinctio__**

** Definition: ** A simile is a figure of speech comparing two things that are unlike one another. Similes are often introduced with the words "like" or "as". This comparison method allows for readers to create a relation and image of the two objects. ** Example: ** “ [|I felt like a race horse in a world without racetracks or a champion college footballer suddenly confronted by Wall Street and a business suit, his days of glory shrunk to a little gold cup on his mantel with a date engraved on it like a date on a tombstone.]” - [|Sylvia Plath]  in [|//The Bell Jar//] ** Explanation: ** This quotation uses similes to compare how someone’s days of glory came to an end. “I felt like a race horse in a world without racetracks” is a simile comparing this man to a horse who does not have racing in tracks to display his glory and shine. By comparing him to a: “champion college footballer suddenly confronted by Wall Street and a business suit” shows how this man has been completely displaced from what used to be his ultimate comfortable, and glorified zone, and into a place that he has no familiarity with. “ .. With a date engraved on it like a date on a tombstone.”This simile is demonstrating how all of his life’s work was summed up into a tiny, insignificant trophy and is as common and mundane as dates engraved on tombstones. The “little gold cup on his mantel” is the only remnant left of his past success.

Metaphor- group 5, shoshie a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance

Analogy -

Group 3 An Analogy is a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based. Ex:"I am to dancing as Roseanne is to singing, and Donald Duck is to motivated speeches. I am as graceful as a refrigerator, falling down a flight of stair." (Leonard Pitts) Explanation: Pitts uses an analogy to emphasize his ineptitude at the art of dance by relating his skill to the inability of Roseanna to sing, and the incompetence of Donald Duck to motivate.


 * __Allusion__**
 * __Eponym__**
 * __Setentia__**
 * __Exemplum-__**

ORGANIZATION
 * __Climax-__**

Group 1- the culmination or apex of the story. the part where everything changes. and example is when Romeo kills Tybolt or when Allie has to choose between Lon and Noah in The Notebook.


 * __Parallelism/Chiasmus__**
 * __Anadiplosis/Conduplicatio__** - Group 5(Ariel)
 * __Metabasis__**
 * __Parenthesis__**
 * __Apostrophe__**

Figure of amplification in which a subject is divided into constituent parts or details, and may include a listing of causes, effects, problems, solutions, conditions, and consequences; the listing or detailing of the parts of something. EXAMPLE: "Much will be said about my father the man, **__the storyteller__**, **__the lover of costume parties__**, **__a practical joker__**, **__the accomplished painter__**. He was **__a lover of everything French__**: **__cheese__**, **__wine__**, and**__women__**. He was **__a mountain climber__**, **__navigator__**, **__skipper__**,**__tactician__**, **__airplane pilot__**, **__rodeo rider__**, **__ski jumper__**, **__dog lover__**, and**__all-around adventurer__**. Our family vacations left us all injured and exhausted. He was **__a dinner table debater__** and **__devil's advocate__**. He was **__an Irishman__**, and a **__proud member of the Democratic Party__**."
 * __Enumeratio-__** DEFINITION:

Ted Kennedy, Jr., [|Eulogy for Ted Kennedy, Sr.] EXPLANATION: The author is using this device in the eulogy he is giving at his father's funeral. He __lists__ his father's many qualities and uses many adjectives to help describe the kind of man he was. By employing this device an image of his father can easily be painted in the minds of all the people he's addressing.

STYLE

__definition:__ 1 : a characterizing word or phrase accompanying or occurring in place of the name of a person or thing 2 : a disparaging or abusive word or phrase “**I have a dream that one day** this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: **We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal** .” –Dr Martin Luther King Junior Dr. King says this in his speech advocating equality for all races and religions to illustrate the lack of equality in a nation that was allegedly founded upon this very ideal. Dr King is expressing disapproval by stating that equality is a self-evident truth but that it only occurs in his dream.
 * __Epithet__-group 4**

Definition: The repetition (polysyndeton), or omission (asyndeton) of conjunctions where they are needed in a sentence.
 * __Asyndeton/Polysyndeton- group1-zach__**

Example: We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender. . . " (Winston Churchill)

Explanation: Winston Churchill uses the Asyndeton to keep the rhythm of his speech and to make the words “we shall” be resounding. If Churchill use the word “and” many times, people would lose focus from the other more important words. Asyndetons and polysyndetons are ideal when used in speech.


 * __Zeugma__** GROUP 2

//Definition:// (1) A rhetorical term for the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words although its use may be grammatically or logically coherent with only one. (2) The act of using a word, particularly an adjective or verb, to apply to more than one noun when its sense is appropriate to only one or in different ways. //Example:// "But Ted Lavender, who was scared, carried 34 rounds when he was shot and killed outside Than Khe, and he went down under an exceptional burden, more than 20 pounds of ammunition, plus the flak jacket and helmet and rations and water and toilet paper and tranquilizers and all the rest, plus an unweighed fear."

-- Tim O'Brien, //The Things They Carried// //Explanation:// Tim O’Brien is using a zeugma here in order to create an emphasis on the character’s, Ted Lavender’s, fear. He is using this zeugma to show how Ted is not only carrying numerous physical items, but he is also carrying a fear, which cannot be tangibly carried. The zeugma places an exclusive importance on the fear because of all the heavy things that Ted is carrying, what seems to be the heaviest is his “unweighted fear.” Therefore the zeugma allows the verb “carried” to be extended unto his fear in addition to his physical items.


 * __Synecdoche/Metonymy-__**

Hyperbaton is a fgure of speech that uses disruption to produce a distinctive effect. Ex:"Some rise by sin and some by virtue fall. " (William Shakespeare) Explanation: The concept that Shakespeare addresses here is corrupt in it of itself. Therefore, he uses hyperbaton to emphasize the inversion of the concept. ANALYSIS OF READING Aporia-group 4- Aporia expresses doubt about an idea or conclusion.Ex: "Am I no better than a eunuch or is the proper man--the man with the right to existence--a raging stallion forever neighing after his neighbor’s womankind? Or are we meant to act on impulse alone? It is all a darkness." (Ford Maddox Ford, The Good Soldier) Ford uses aporia to argue both sides of anargument and show why he is confused and its all darkness. Anaphora/Epistrophe/Symploce Amplification Personification - Personification is the attribution of human traits to inanimate objects. Ex: The Railway Train I like to see it lap the miles, And lick the valleys up, And stop to feed itself at tanks; And then, prodigious, step Around a pile of mountains, And, supercilious, peer In shanties, by the sides of roads; And then a quarry pare To fit its sides, and crawl between, Complaining all the while In horrid, hooting stanza; Then chase itself down hill And neigh like Boanerges; Then, punctual as a star, Stop--docile and omnipotent-- At its own stable door. Explanation:Dickinson employs personification in order to guide the reader in empathizing with the train and its plight, through personification the reader is able to relate his/her journeys was they coincide with the path of the train. Parataxis
 * __Hyperbaton-__**
 * Group 3**